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The Southern Cone ((スペイン語:Cono Sur), (ポルトガル語:Cone Sul)) is a geographic region composed of the southernmost areas of South America, mostly south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Although geographically this includes part of Southern and Southeast (São Paulo) of Brazil, in terms of political geography the Southern cone has traditionally comprised Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay. In the narrowest sense, it only covers Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. The population of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay is 40, 16.8 and 3.6 million respectively. Buenos Aires is the largest metropolitan area at 13.1 million and Santiago, Chile has 6.4 million. When part of Southeastern Brazil is included, São Paulo is the largest city, with 19.8 million; in the Southern Brazil, the largest metropolitan area is Porto Alegre, with more than 4 million. Uruguay's capital and largest city, Montevideo, has 1.8 million, and it receives many visitors on ferry boats across the Río de la Plata from Buenos Aires, away. Asunción, Paraguay's capital city has a population of 2.1 million. ==Ethnicity== As far as ethnicity is concerned, the population of the Southern Cone was largely influenced by immigration from Europe. Whites make up a majority, 80%, of the total population of Argentina, Chile,〔(Argentina, como Chile y Uruguay, su población está formada casi exclusivamente por una población blanca e blanca mestiza procedente del sur de Europa, más del 90% E. García Zarza, 1992, 19. )〕 Uruguay and Southern Brazil.〔(SOCIAL IDENTITY Marta Fierro Social Psychologist. )〕〔(massive immigration of European Argentina Uruguay Chile Brazil )〕〔(Latinoamerica. )〕 Mestizos make up 15.8% of the population, being a majority in Paraguay.〔(Hoy en día la población paraguaya es mestiza prácticamente en su totalidad. )〕 Native Americans make up 3% of the population, and mulattoes (0.2%) and Asians (1.0%), mostly in Southern Brazil and Uruguay, the remaining 1.2%.〔(Historia de las repúblicas de la Plata de Manuel González Llana )〕 A 2009 autosomal DNA study on 246 Argentines found their genetic composition to be 78.5 percent European, 17.3 percent Native American and 4.2 percent sub-Saharan African. Another autosomal DNA study in 2012 on 441 Argentines found their genetic composition to be, 65% European, 31% native American and 4% African 〔http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034695〕 Argentina, along with other areas of new settlement like Canada, Australia or the United States is considered a country of immigrants〔Enrique Oteiza y Susana Novick sostienen que «''la Argentina desde el siglo XIX, al igual que Australia, Canadá o Estados Unidos, se convierte en un ''país de inmigración'', entendiendo por esto una sociedad que ha sido conformada por un fenómeno inmigratorio masivo, a partir de una población local muy pequeña.»'' 〕〔 〕 for generations, the majority of these immigrants came from Italy and Spain, as well as other European countries. An estimated 7% of the population are mestizo.〔 The last national census, based on self-identification, counted about 600,000 Argentines (1.6%) of Amerindian heritage.〔(Encuesta Complementaria de Pueblos Indígenas )〕 A further 3-4% of Argentines were of Arabic or East Asian extraction.〔 Recent censuses in Brazil are conducted on the basis of self-identification. In the 2000 census, 53% of Brazilians (approximately 93 million people in 2000; around 100 million as of 2006) were white and 39% pardo or multiracial Brazilians. White is applied as a term to people of European descent (including European Jews), and Middle Easterners of all faiths. According to IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), ''Pardo'' is a broad classification that encompasses Brazilians of mixed race ancestry, mulattoes, and assimilated indigenous people ("caboclos"). The geneticist Sérgio Pena criticised foreign scholar Edward Telles for lumping "blacks" and "pardos" in the same category, given the predominant European ancestry of the "pardos" throughout Brazil. According to him, "the autosomal genetic analysis that we have performed in non related individuals from Rio de Janeiro shows that it does not make any sense to put "blacks" and "pardos" in the same category".〔()〕 An autosomal DNA study from 2014 found out Chile to be 44.34% (± 3.9%) native American, 51.85% (± 5.44%) European and 3.81% (± 0.45%) African.〔http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25052264〕〔http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rmc/v142n3/art01.pdf〕 In 2009, Chile had an estimated population of 16,970,000. Of which approximately 8.8 millions or 52,7% are white European, with mestizos estimated at 44%.〔 Other studies found a white majority of 64% to 90% of the Chilean population.〔〔(Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile. )〕 From Chile's various waves of immigrants Spanish, Italians, Irish, French, Greeks, Germans, English, Scots, Croats, and Palestinian communities. The largest ethnic group in Chile arrived from Spain and the Basque regions in the south of France. Estimates of the number of descendants from Basques in Chile range from 10% (1,600,000) to as high as 27% (4,500,000).〔(Diariovasco. )〕〔(entrevista al Presidente de la Cámara vasca. )〕 〔(vascos ) Ainara Madariaga: Autora del estudio ''"Imaginarios vascos desde Chile La construcción de imaginarios vascos en Chile durante el siglo XX"''.〕 〔(Basques au Chili. )〕 〔''Contacto Interlingüístico e intercultural en el mundo hispano.instituto valenciano de lenguas y culturas.Universitat de València Cita:'' " Un 20% de la población chilena tiene su origen en el País Vasco"''.〕 Furthermore, Chile is the country with the highest number of people of British origin in Latin America, which is reflected in certain costumes, habits and the historical good relation between Chile and Great Britain. In 1848 an important and substantial German immigration took place, laying the foundation for the German-Chilean community. The German Embassy in Chile estimated 500,000 to 600,000 Chileans are of German origin.〔(German Embassy in Chile. )〕 Other historically significant immigrant groups include: Croatia whose number of descendants today is estimated to be 380,000 persons, the equivalent of 2.4% of the population.〔(Diaspora Croata. ).〕〔(Splitski osnovnoškolci rođeni u Čileu. )〕 Other authors claim, on the other hand, that close to 4.6% of the Chilean population must have some Croatian ancestry.〔(hrvatski. )〕 Over 700,000 Chileans may have British (English, Scottish and Welsh) origin. 4,5% of Chile's population.,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Historia de Chile, Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX )〕 Chileans of Greek descent are estimated 90,000 to 120,000.〔http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/〕 Most of them live either in the Santiago area or in the Antofagasta area. Chile is one of the 5 countries with the most descendants of Greeks in the world.〔(Griegos de Chile )〕 The descendants of Swiss add 90,000,〔(90,000 descendants Swiss and Chile. )〕 an estimated that about 5% of the Chilean population has some French ancestry.〔(French chilean. )〕 and 600,000 to 800,000 Italians. In the case of Uruguay, the majority of the population is of Spanish and Italian descent. The indigenous populations are now extinct, yet retains a visible minority with mestizos and blacks making up 12% of the population.〔(CIA - The World Factbook - Uruguay )〕 A 2009 DNA study in the ''American Journal of Human Biology'' showed the genetic composition of Uruguay as primarily European, with Native American ancestry ranging from one to 20 percent and sub-Saharan African from seven to 15 percent (depending on region).〔http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/108068634/abstract/〕 Meanwhile, although the majority of the population of Paraguay is composed of mestizos (mixed European & Amerindian),〔(CIA - The World Factbook - Paraguay )〕 the European contribution has impacted significantly. It is not uncommon for the admixture in their mestizos to lean more towards the European element, as opposed to a relatively equal amount of both in the rest of Latin America, and in some cases it is the only discernible element. This situation has led to the often contentious question on the proportion of white people. Paraguay has an undetermined number of unmixed White Europeans, as well as a visible Amerindian minority. The number of people of European descent in Paraguay is not greater than 20% and the vast majority of Paraguay is not inhabited by peoples of European descent, known as whites.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Demographics of the Southern Cone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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